diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/settings.py b/backend/app/api/v1/settings.py
index 8ae47e4..8f65748 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/settings.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/settings.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from app.models.user import User
 from app.core.settings_registry import (
     THEME_KEYS,
     MODULE_KEYS,
+    UI_KEYS,
     SETTINGS_REGISTRY,
     get_default_value,
 )
@@ -82,6 +83,47 @@ def get_module_settings(
     return result
 
 
+@router.get("/ui", response_model=dict[str, Any])
+def get_ui_settings(
+    *,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Get UI settings (accessible to all authenticated users).
+
+    Returns UI/layout settings that apply to all users.
+    """
+    result = {}
+    for key in UI_KEYS:
+        setting = crud.settings.get_setting(db, key=key)
+        if setting:
+            result[key] = setting.get_value()
+        else:
+            result[key] = get_default_value(key)
+    return result
+
+
+@router.put("/ui", response_model=dict[str, Any])
+def update_ui_settings(
+    *,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    ui_data: dict[str, Any],
+    current_user: User = Depends(get_current_superuser)
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Update UI settings (admin only).
+
+    Updates multiple UI/layout settings at once.
+    """
+    result = {}
+    for key, value in ui_data.items():
+        if key in UI_KEYS:
+            setting = crud.settings.update_setting(db, key=key, value=value)
+            result[key] = setting.get_value()
+    return result
+
+
 @router.put("/modules", response_model=dict[str, Any])
 def update_module_settings(
     *,
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.tsx b/frontend/src/App.tsx
index ac12450..6b7a290 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/App.tsx
@@ -46,7 +46,11 @@ import MainLayout from './components/MainLayout';
 // ...
 
 function AppRoutes() {
-  const { user } = useAuth();
+  const { user, isLoading } = useAuth();
+
+  if (isLoading) {
+    return <div className="loading">Loading...</div>;
+  }
 
   return (
     <Routes>
@@ -72,9 +76,9 @@ function App() {
   return (
     <SiteConfigProvider>
       <BrowserRouter>
-        <ThemeProvider>
-          <LanguageProvider>
-            <AuthProvider>
+        <AuthProvider>
+          <ThemeProvider>
+            <LanguageProvider>
               <ModulesProvider>
                 <ViewModeProvider>
                   <SidebarProvider>
@@ -82,9 +86,9 @@ function App() {
                   </SidebarProvider>
                 </ViewModeProvider>
               </ModulesProvider>
-            </AuthProvider>
-          </LanguageProvider>
-        </ThemeProvider>
+            </LanguageProvider>
+          </ThemeProvider>
+        </AuthProvider>
       </BrowserRouter>
     </SiteConfigProvider>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.tsx b/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
index 1129be0..7bc7611 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import '../styles/Sidebar.css';
 export default function Sidebar() {
   const { t, language, setLanguage } = useTranslation();
   const { config } = useSiteConfig();
-  const { sidebarStyle, theme, toggleTheme, darkModeLocation, languageLocation, showDarkModeToggle, showLanguageToggle } = useTheme();
+  const { sidebarStyle, theme, toggleTheme, darkModeLocation, languageLocation, showDarkModeToggle, showLanguageToggle, hasInitializedSettings: themeInitialized } = useTheme();
   const {
     isCollapsed,
     isMobileOpen,
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ export default function Sidebar() {
             </button>
           )}
 
-          {showDarkModeToggle && darkModeLocation === 'sidebar' && (
+          {themeInitialized && showDarkModeToggle && darkModeLocation === 'sidebar' && (
             <button
               className="view-mode-toggle"
               onClick={() => { toggleTheme(); updateTooltipText(theme === 'dark' ? t.theme.lightMode : t.theme.darkMode); }}
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ export default function Sidebar() {
             </button>
           )}
 
-          {showLanguageToggle && languageLocation === 'sidebar' && (
+          {themeInitialized && showLanguageToggle && languageLocation === 'sidebar' && (
             <button
               className="view-mode-toggle"
               onClick={() => { setLanguage(language === 'it' ? 'en' : 'it'); updateTooltipText(language === 'it' ? t.settings.english : t.settings.italian); }}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/UserMenu.tsx b/frontend/src/components/UserMenu.tsx
index f2c6399..f6eb9dd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/UserMenu.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/UserMenu.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { useViewMode } from '../contexts/ViewModeContext';
 export default function UserMenu({ onOpenChange }: { onOpenChange?: (isOpen: boolean) => void }) {
     const { user, logout } = useAuth();
     const { t, language, setLanguage } = useTranslation();
-    const { theme, toggleTheme, darkModeLocation, languageLocation, showDarkModeToggle, showLanguageToggle } = useTheme();
+    const { theme, toggleTheme, darkModeLocation, languageLocation, showDarkModeToggle, showLanguageToggle, hasInitializedSettings: themeInitialized } = useTheme();
     const { isCollapsed, isMobileOpen, closeMobileMenu, sidebarMode } = useSidebar();
     const { viewMode } = useViewMode();
     const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export default function UserMenu({ onOpenChange }: { onOpenChange?: (isOpen: boo
                             <span className="material-symbols-outlined">settings</span>
                             <span>{t.sidebar.settings}</span>
                         </NavLink>
-                        {showDarkModeToggle && darkModeLocation === 'user_menu' && (
+                        {themeInitialized && showDarkModeToggle && darkModeLocation === 'user_menu' && (
                             <button onClick={toggleTheme} className="user-menu-item">
                                 <span className="material-symbols-outlined">
                                     {theme === 'dark' ? 'dark_mode' : 'light_mode'}
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ export default function UserMenu({ onOpenChange }: { onOpenChange?: (isOpen: boo
                                 <span>{theme === 'dark' ? 'Dark Mode' : 'Light Mode'}</span>
                             </button>
                         )}
-                        {showLanguageToggle && languageLocation === 'user_menu' && (
+                        {themeInitialized && showLanguageToggle && languageLocation === 'user_menu' && (
                             <button onClick={toggleLanguage} className="user-menu-item">
                                 <span className="material-symbols-outlined">language</span>
                                 <span>{language === 'it' ? 'Italiano' : 'English'}</span>
diff --git a/frontend/src/contexts/ModulesContext.tsx b/frontend/src/contexts/ModulesContext.tsx
index 9e931a7..2b50f90 100644
--- a/frontend/src/contexts/ModulesContext.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/contexts/ModulesContext.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
 import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { settingsAPI } from '../api/client';
+import { useAuth } from './AuthContext';
 import type { UserPermissions } from '../types';
 
 // User-facing modules that can be toggled
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ const getDefaultStates = (): Record<ModuleId, ModuleState> => {
 };
 
 export function ModulesProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const { token } = useAuth();
   const [moduleStates, setModuleStates] = useState<Record<ModuleId, ModuleState>>(getDefaultStates);
   const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);
   const [hasInitialized, setHasInitialized] = useState(false);
@@ -110,16 +112,18 @@ export function ModulesProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     }
   }, [moduleStates]);
 
-  // Load modules on mount when token exists
+  // Load modules when token becomes available
   useEffect(() => {
-    const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
     if (token) {
+      setIsLoading(true);
+      setHasInitialized(false);
       loadModulesFromBackend();
     } else {
+      setModuleStates(getDefaultStates());
       setIsLoading(false);
       setHasInitialized(true); // No token, mark as initialized
     }
-  }, [loadModulesFromBackend]);
+  }, [token, loadModulesFromBackend]);
 
   const isModuleEnabled = useCallback((moduleId: string): boolean => {
     // Dashboard is always enabled
diff --git a/frontend/src/contexts/SidebarContext.tsx b/frontend/src/contexts/SidebarContext.tsx
index 0f0725b..1984690 100644
--- a/frontend/src/contexts/SidebarContext.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/contexts/SidebarContext.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
 import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { useAuth } from './AuthContext';
 
 export type SidebarMode = 'collapsed' | 'expanded' | 'toggle' | 'dynamic';
 
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ interface SidebarContextType {
 const SidebarContext = createContext<SidebarContextType | undefined>(undefined);
 
 export function SidebarProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const { token } = useAuth();
   const [userCollapsed, setUserCollapsed] = useState(true);
   const [isMobileOpen, setIsMobileOpen] = useState(false);
   const [sidebarMode, setSidebarModeState] = useState<SidebarMode>('toggle');
@@ -31,19 +33,29 @@ export function SidebarProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
   useEffect(() => {
     const loadSidebarMode = async () => {
       try {
-        const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
-        if (!token) return;
+        if (!token) {
+          setSidebarModeState('toggle');
+          setShowLogo(false);
+          return;
+        }
 
-        const response = await fetch('/api/v1/settings', {
-          headers: { 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token} ` }
+        const response = await fetch('/api/v1/settings/ui', {
+          headers: { 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}` }
         });
         if (response.ok) {
           const data = await response.json();
+          const parseBool = (val: any, defaultVal: boolean): boolean => {
+            if (val === undefined || val === null) return defaultVal;
+            if (val === true || val === 'true' || val === 'True' || val === 1 || val === '1') return true;
+            if (val === false || val === 'false' || val === 'False' || val === 0 || val === '0') return false;
+            return defaultVal;
+          };
+
           if (data.sidebar_mode && ['collapsed', 'expanded', 'toggle', 'dynamic'].includes(data.sidebar_mode)) {
             setSidebarModeState(data.sidebar_mode as SidebarMode);
           }
           if (data.show_logo !== undefined) {
-            setShowLogo(data.show_logo === true);
+            setShowLogo(parseBool(data.show_logo, false));
           }
         }
       } catch (error) {
@@ -51,7 +63,7 @@ export function SidebarProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
       }
     };
     loadSidebarMode();
-  }, []);
+  }, [token]);
 
   // Compute isCollapsed based on mode
   const isCollapsed = sidebarMode === 'collapsed' ? true :
@@ -78,11 +90,11 @@ export function SidebarProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 
   const setSidebarMode = useCallback(async (mode: SidebarMode) => {
     try {
-      const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
+      if (!token) return;
       const response = await fetch('/api/v1/settings/sidebar_mode', {
         method: 'PUT',
         headers: {
-          'Authorization': `Bearer ${token} `,
+          'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`,
           'Content-Type': 'application/json',
         },
         body: JSON.stringify({ value: mode }),
@@ -94,7 +106,7 @@ export function SidebarProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Failed to save sidebar mode:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [token]);
 
   return (
     <SidebarContext.Provider
diff --git a/frontend/src/contexts/ThemeContext.tsx b/frontend/src/contexts/ThemeContext.tsx
index 931c39b..5754dcc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/contexts/ThemeContext.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/contexts/ThemeContext.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
 import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { settingsAPI } from '../api/client';
+import { useAuth } from './AuthContext';
 
 type Theme = 'light' | 'dark';
 export type AccentColor = 'blue' | 'purple' | 'green' | 'orange' | 'pink' | 'red' | 'teal' | 'amber' | 'indigo' | 'cyan' | 'rose' | 'auto';
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ interface ThemeContextType {
   showLanguageToggle: boolean;
   showDarkModeLogin: boolean;
   showLanguageLogin: boolean;
+  hasInitializedSettings: boolean;
+  isLoadingSettings: boolean;
   toggleTheme: () => void;
   setAccentColor: (color: AccentColor) => void;
   setBorderRadius: (radius: BorderRadius) => void;
@@ -433,6 +436,7 @@ export const COLOR_PALETTES: Record<ColorPalette, PaletteColors> = {
 };
 
 export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const { token } = useAuth();
   const [theme, setTheme] = useState<Theme>(() => {
     return (localStorage.getItem('theme') as Theme) || 'light';
   });
@@ -454,6 +458,8 @@ export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
   const [showLanguageToggle, setShowLanguageToggleState] = useState<boolean>(false);
   const [showDarkModeLogin, setShowDarkModeLoginState] = useState<boolean>(true);
   const [showLanguageLogin, setShowLanguageLoginState] = useState<boolean>(false);
+  const [hasInitializedSettings, setHasInitializedSettings] = useState<boolean>(false);
+  const [isLoadingSettings, setIsLoadingSettings] = useState<boolean>(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const root = document.documentElement;
@@ -565,6 +571,7 @@ export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 
   // Load theme from backend when user is authenticated
   const loadThemeFromBackend = useCallback(async () => {
+    setIsLoadingSettings(true);
     try {
       const themeData = await settingsAPI.getTheme();
       if (themeData.theme_accent_color) {
@@ -619,6 +626,9 @@ export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
       }
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Failed to load theme from backend:', error);
+    } finally {
+      setIsLoadingSettings(false);
+      setHasInitializedSettings(true);
     }
   }, []);
 
@@ -639,21 +649,41 @@ export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     showLanguageLogin: boolean;
   }>) => {
     try {
-      await settingsAPI.updateTheme({
-        theme_accent_color: overrides?.accentColor ?? accentColor,
-        theme_border_radius: overrides?.borderRadius ?? borderRadius,
-        theme_sidebar_style: overrides?.sidebarStyle ?? sidebarStyle,
-        theme_density: overrides?.density ?? density,
-        theme_font_family: overrides?.fontFamily ?? fontFamily,
-        theme_color_palette: overrides?.colorPalette ?? colorPalette,
-        theme_custom_colors: JSON.stringify(overrides?.customColors ?? customColors),
-        theme_dark_mode_location: overrides?.darkModeLocation ?? darkModeLocation,
-        theme_language_location: overrides?.languageLocation ?? languageLocation,
-        theme_show_dark_mode_toggle: String(overrides?.showDarkModeToggle ?? showDarkModeToggle),
-        theme_show_language_toggle: String(overrides?.showLanguageToggle ?? showLanguageToggle),
-        theme_show_dark_mode_login: String(overrides?.showDarkModeLogin ?? showDarkModeLogin),
-        theme_show_language_login: String(overrides?.showLanguageLogin ?? showLanguageLogin),
-      });
+      const payload: Record<string, string> = {};
+
+      if (overrides) {
+        if (overrides.accentColor !== undefined) payload.theme_accent_color = overrides.accentColor;
+        if (overrides.borderRadius !== undefined) payload.theme_border_radius = overrides.borderRadius;
+        if (overrides.sidebarStyle !== undefined) payload.theme_sidebar_style = overrides.sidebarStyle;
+        if (overrides.density !== undefined) payload.theme_density = overrides.density;
+        if (overrides.fontFamily !== undefined) payload.theme_font_family = overrides.fontFamily;
+        if (overrides.colorPalette !== undefined) payload.theme_color_palette = overrides.colorPalette;
+        if (overrides.customColors !== undefined) payload.theme_custom_colors = JSON.stringify(overrides.customColors);
+        if (overrides.darkModeLocation !== undefined) payload.theme_dark_mode_location = overrides.darkModeLocation;
+        if (overrides.languageLocation !== undefined) payload.theme_language_location = overrides.languageLocation;
+        if (overrides.showDarkModeToggle !== undefined) payload.theme_show_dark_mode_toggle = String(overrides.showDarkModeToggle);
+        if (overrides.showLanguageToggle !== undefined) payload.theme_show_language_toggle = String(overrides.showLanguageToggle);
+        if (overrides.showDarkModeLogin !== undefined) payload.theme_show_dark_mode_login = String(overrides.showDarkModeLogin);
+        if (overrides.showLanguageLogin !== undefined) payload.theme_show_language_login = String(overrides.showLanguageLogin);
+      } else {
+        payload.theme_accent_color = accentColor;
+        payload.theme_border_radius = borderRadius;
+        payload.theme_sidebar_style = sidebarStyle;
+        payload.theme_density = density;
+        payload.theme_font_family = fontFamily;
+        payload.theme_color_palette = colorPalette;
+        payload.theme_custom_colors = JSON.stringify(customColors);
+        payload.theme_dark_mode_location = darkModeLocation;
+        payload.theme_language_location = languageLocation;
+        payload.theme_show_dark_mode_toggle = String(showDarkModeToggle);
+        payload.theme_show_language_toggle = String(showLanguageToggle);
+        payload.theme_show_dark_mode_login = String(showDarkModeLogin);
+        payload.theme_show_language_login = String(showLanguageLogin);
+      }
+
+      if (Object.keys(payload).length === 0) return;
+
+      await settingsAPI.updateTheme(payload);
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Failed to save theme to backend:', error);
       throw error;
@@ -662,11 +692,14 @@ export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 
   // Auto-load theme from backend when token exists
   useEffect(() => {
-    const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
     if (token) {
+      setHasInitializedSettings(false);
       loadThemeFromBackend();
+    } else {
+      setIsLoadingSettings(false);
+      setHasInitializedSettings(true);
     }
-  }, [loadThemeFromBackend]);
+  }, [token, loadThemeFromBackend]);
 
   const toggleTheme = () => {
     setTheme((prev) => (prev === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light'));
@@ -741,6 +774,8 @@ export function ThemeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
         showLanguageToggle,
         showDarkModeLogin,
         showLanguageLogin,
+        hasInitializedSettings,
+        isLoadingSettings,
         toggleTheme,
         setAccentColor,
         setBorderRadius,
diff --git a/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx b/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx
index 8c37f74..b235619 100644
--- a/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect } from 'react';
 import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { useAuth } from './AuthContext';
 
 type ViewMode = 'admin' | 'user';
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ interface ViewModeContextType {
 const ViewModeContext = createContext<ViewModeContextType | undefined>(undefined);
 
 export function ViewModeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const { token } = useAuth();
   // viewMode is user preference - stored in localStorage
   const [viewMode, setViewModeState] = useState<ViewMode>(() => {
     const saved = localStorage.getItem('viewMode');
@@ -43,7 +45,6 @@ export function ViewModeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 
     // Save to backend (this is a global setting)
     try {
-      const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
       if (token) {
         await fetch('/api/v1/settings/user_mode_enabled', {
           method: 'PUT',
@@ -63,13 +64,15 @@ export function ViewModeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     // Sync viewMode (user preference) with localStorage on mount
     const savedMode = localStorage.getItem('viewMode');
     if (savedMode) setViewModeState(savedMode as ViewMode);
+  }, []);
 
-    // Fetch user_mode_enabled (global setting) from backend
+  useEffect(() => {
+    // Fetch user_mode_enabled (global setting) from backend whenever token changes
     const fetchUserModeSetting = async () => {
       try {
-        const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
         if (!token) {
           // No token = use default (false)
+          setUserModeEnabledState(false);
           return;
         }
 
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ export function ViewModeProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     };
 
     fetchUserModeSetting();
-  }, []);
+  }, [token]);
 
   const value = {
     viewMode,
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/Login.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/Login.tsx
index 76d3be9..ddde431 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Login.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Login.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export default function Login() {
   const [email, setEmail] = useState('');
   const [isRegister, setIsRegister] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState('');
-  const [registrationEnabled, setRegistrationEnabled] = useState(true);
+  const [registrationEnabled, setRegistrationEnabled] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
   const { login, register } = useAuth();
   const { t, language, setLanguage } = useTranslation();
   const { theme, toggleTheme, showDarkModeLogin, showLanguageLogin, showDarkModeToggle, showLanguageToggle } = useTheme();
@@ -22,23 +22,31 @@ export default function Login() {
 
   // Check if registration is enabled
   useEffect(() => {
+    let isMounted = true;
     const checkRegistrationStatus = async () => {
       try {
         const response = await fetch('/api/v1/auth/registration-status');
         if (response.ok) {
           const data = await response.json();
-          setRegistrationEnabled(data.registration_enabled !== false);
+          const enabled = data.registration_enabled === true;
+          if (isMounted) {
+            setRegistrationEnabled(enabled);
+            if (!enabled) setIsRegister(false);
+          }
         } else {
           // Default to enabled if we can't fetch the setting
-          setRegistrationEnabled(true);
+          if (isMounted) setRegistrationEnabled(true);
         }
       } catch (error) {
         // Default to enabled if we can't fetch the setting
-        setRegistrationEnabled(true);
+        if (isMounted) setRegistrationEnabled(true);
       }
     };
 
     checkRegistrationStatus();
+    return () => {
+      isMounted = false;
+    };
   }, []);
 
   const handleSubmit = async (e: FormEvent) => {
@@ -129,7 +137,7 @@ export default function Login() {
         </form>
 
         <div className="login-footer">
-          {registrationEnabled && (
+          {registrationEnabled === true && (
             <button
               onClick={() => {
                 setIsRegister(!isRegister);
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/admin/Features.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/admin/Features.tsx
index 80b8cd3..3ec2860 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/admin/Features.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/admin/Features.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export default function Features() {
     const { user: currentUser } = useAuth();
     const { t } = useTranslation();
     const { toggleMobileMenu } = useSidebar();
-    const { moduleStates, setModuleEnabled, saveModulesToBackend, hasInitialized } = useModules();
+    const { moduleStates, setModuleEnabled, saveModulesToBackend, hasInitialized, isLoading } = useModules();
     const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState<TabId>('feature1');
     const hasUserMadeChanges = useRef(false);
     const saveRef = useRef(saveModulesToBackend);
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@ export default function Features() {
     };
 
     const renderTabContent = () => {
+        if (!hasInitialized || isLoading) {
+            return <div className="loading">Loading...</div>;
+        }
         switch (activeTab) {
             case 'feature1':
                 return (